Category: Economics

9th Grade World History

I began this process with several goals in mind. First, I wanted to examine my curriculum from an anti-bias lens. Second, I hoped to make a clearer connection between the identities and experiences of students of color and the content of the course. Finally, I was increasingly aware of the necessity of exposing and challenging my biases. Also, I knew none of these goals could be accomplished without extensive support. The Anti-bias workshop was the perfect way to jump-start the process. The workshop was better than I had hoped. It was informative, challenging, and jammed full of practical tips on how to move closer to my goals. I left each session full ideas and looking forward to the next. At the end of the week, my vague notions about how to develop and implement an anti-bias curriculum now had a clearer model and extensive resources.  Peter and I used this inspiration to begin the redesign of the ninth grade world history class.

 

The 9th-grade redesign began with a clear question: How can we decenter whiteness while telling the story of world history? Our first step was to replace the western-centric text. That decision created both an opportunity and a challenge. Dropping the text allowed us to include more diverse voices but we quickly found that non-western texts were hard to find. US history courses can draw on a wealth of anti-bias materials explicitly developed to include marginalized voices. Although, you can find texts that focus on peoples and perspectives often left out of the standard texts we have not found a book that did that and provided a clear global overview. In contrast, we did find a wealth of primary sources from indigenous and non-western sources. There are so many that the issue we faced was not a lack of resources but how to choose who to include and who to leave out. Also as we developed our actual lesson plans the connection between the anti-bias standards and what we could do in 65 minutes in 9th-grade class was not always as clear as we hoped. As we adapted our activities it became clear that the redesign would be a multi-year project. Each year revising the last as we learned from our mistakes.

 

Despite the obstacles, we did make progress. By using Africa as the lens for examining the growth of civilization we centered a region that was often on the periphery of the class and doing so disrupted the assumptions and stereotypes held by many students. It also laid the groundwork for how we approach other periods in world history by using a nonwestern centered perspective. The new text we chose was not as successful. In attempting to find a more globalist approach we picked a text’s whose birds-eye view of history removed the people.

 

My attempts to bring to light my blinders and biases are still very much a work in progress.  Outside of my search for materials for the ninth grade class my reading has focused on trying to understand the power racism and racist institutions to impact the opportunities and experiences of people of coloring. Since the summer I finished reading “The Warmth of Other Suns” an extraordinarily effective piece of historical writing. It’s combination of historical overview and lived experience conveyed the trauma of Jim Crow and the Great Migration. As we drove around the Adorandacks I listened to the new biography of Frederick Douglas. Another model of in-depth research and engaging writing. Right, now I’m in the middle of “Stamped from the Beginning” a thorough history of the evolution of racism in America. I’m also working my way through the 1619 project, elements of which I have already used in my electives. Although all of these sources are US history focused their insights into the power of institutionalized racism and its centralness to the story of America is pushing me to reevaluate my understating of history.

 

GWOT: The Torture Question, Thurs. 02/17

Directions: Complete the following tasks.

  • Watch the The Torture Question and take notes
  • Answer the questions below for homework. Please type your work.
  1. How did decisions made in Washington in the immediate aftermath of Sept. 11 — including an internal administration battle over the Geneva Conventions — lead to a robust interrogation policy that laid the groundwork for prisoner abuse in Afghanistan; Guantanamo Bay, Cuba; and Iraq ?

ECON. Naked Econ. Mon 11/29

Directions: Read chapter nine in the Naked Economics and answer the questions below.

Chapter 9: Keeping Score

  • Why is a nation’s GDP a good measure of its economic well-being and

progress?

  • Why is a nation’s GDP a poor measure of its economic well-being and

progress?

GDP: importance, real vs nominal, per capita 150 / GDP growth & wage growth 152 / GDP misses social progress 154 / Recessions 156 / Fiscal & monetary policy 158 / Other “vital signs”: unemployment, poverty, inequality, govt budget, deficit, current acct, national savings, demographics 160

BE SURE TO CONTINUE WORKING ON YOUR PROJECT.

Econ: Naked Econ., Mon. 11/22

Directions: Read the chapter and be able to answer the question in class.

Chapter 8: The Power of Organized Interests

  • Why have mohair farmers earned a subsidy from the federal government for decades? Explain your answer and be able to give other examples of the power of special interests.

Interest groups & politicians’ incentives 137 / Some regulations benefit business 142 / Tyranny of the status quo 144

Econ. Frontline, Friday 11/19

Directions: Watch the video below, take notes, and be able to answer the following question IN CLASS.

Inside The Meltdown

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/meltdown/

  • What happened to make the firm Bear Stearns go out of business?
  • What are credit default swaps? What role did they play in the meltdown?
  • What is the Federal Reserve Bank? What role did it play when Bear Stearns was in financial trouble?
  • What is the Treasury Department? What role did it play with Bear Stearns’ financial troubles?
  • What is systemic risk?
  • Free-market capitalism dictates that markets create efficient solutions and businesses that fail should be left to fail. Secretary Paulson was concerned about “moral hazard” after helping Bear Stearns. What did this mean?
  • The film follows people who took out mortgages they couldn’t afford in the hopes that their home values would increase and they would become rich. Why did the banks give these people mortgages?
  • Should there be laws to restrict the value of houses people buy and the amount of leverage used to buy the house? What is the problem with having such laws in a free market?
  • Why did the federal government take over Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?
  • Secretary Paulson decided not to guarantee a government loan for Lehman Brothers as he had for Bear Stearns with the JPMorgan takeover. What happened as a result of that decision?
  • Why did the government give AIG a loan of $85 billion after refusing to loan money for the Lehman Brothers acquisition?
  • What is capital injection?
  • The last scene in the film shows the leaders of the largest banks being told by Henry Paulson that they would have to accept government capital injections. What was the rationale for that decision?

Econ: Movie, Thurs. 11/18

The Inside Job

  • Meet in the lobby at 12:40
  • We will walk to the Angelica.
  • The film ends shortly after 3:00.

Econ: Naked Econ, Wed. 11/17

Directions: Read the chapter below and answer the following questions.   Please type your work.

Chapter 7: Financial Markets

  • Explain how get-rich-quick schemes violate the most basic principles of economics.
  • What advice about investing in the stock market did you find most interesting and/or useful?

Purposes of financial instruments 118 / Efficient markets & index funds 126 / Investment guidelines 132

Econ: Naked Econ, Mon. 11/15

Directions:  Read chapter 6 in Naked Economics and answer the following questions.  Please type your work.

Chapter 6: Productivity and Human Capital

  • After reading Wheelan’s argument, do you agree that Bill Gates should be so much richer than you?
  • Evaluate the following statement from p. 113: “We should not care about the  gap between rich and poor as long as everybody is living better.”

Human capital 98 / Job creation 103 / Effects of human capital on standard of living 105 / Productivity 107 / Income inequality 111