Miles Friedman Interviewing Carol,

• Most men won’t die from wound they will die from diseases
• They used a lot of vinegar   
• Brain surgery was very successful they used a thing called a trephine to drill into the head
• They would put a nickel or a quarter where the whole in your head was because they said that silver had healing powers
• They did not have anesthesia
• They give a person a shot of whiskey before a surgery
• They used something called a tooth key to pull out a tooth
• Your surgeon could be your barber
• You would not do to much surgery with disease but if you had a fever they would very often bleed for that
• The only thing you could do for gangrene is amputation
• They did not have that many surgeons so the fastest thing they could do for 50,000 soldiers is amputation

Wyatt Wolfman Interviewing Cory, Jamestown Interpreter:

• Most common procedure was removing things like arrowheads
• To treat conclusions they would do trephination. They would use a scalpel to cut past skin down to bone. They would then use a trephine to drill a hole in the skull to release pressure by draining the blood. They would then cover the hole with animal skins or a silver coin.
• Back then concussions could easily kill.
• Trephination was successful but by the time patients were showing symptoms it was often to late.
• To extract an arrow head you take forceps and a probe and just draw it out. Sometimes they just push the arrowhead though.
• Scalpel is a really sharp small knife for pinpoint cuts
• If surgeons die the physician hopefully knows a little about surgery
• Surgeons are on contract, after a certain time they go back to England
• Female surgeons existed but were rare
• Some surgeons were preferred over others
• Natives were not big on surgery
• Common procedures are
• Amputation was needed when there was an infected limb lives as
• To amputate a limb the surgeon would cut off the limb just below the joint. Large knife to cut through soft tissue, a small knife for tendons and a saw to cut bone. To take off a finger they would take a chisel like thing and chop it off.
• Painkillers were lodnom. Lodnom was an opioid so it was highly addictive and deadly in overdose.
• Clean bandages and water were very scarce in the battlefield